Revision and Summary Chart
Five Stages of Unification of Italy
Special Note: The Unification of Italy is an important question. It has been asked again and again in the final examination. However, it is one question which is very long. A complete answer is given in another posting. However, here, a very brief outline of the unification of Italy is given. I hope that intelligent students may make good use of this summary. Those who just believe in passing the examination may also find it useful.
Do me a favour by visiting the author page on Amazon HERE -AUTHOR AMAZON PAGE.
https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=0YzZDwAAQBAJ
https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=gBTbDwAAQBAJ
Mazzini led the armed aggression against the Austrian occupation of Italian states. He failed to achieve any result. Mazzini tried to raise the awareness about revolution and the need for a united Italy among the Italians through their writing. They tried to convince the Italians that they were a nation and the country was not a geographical expression. Mazzini made every possible effort to raise the feelings of nationalism among the Italians through his organization Young Italy. He had great faith in the energy of the youth of Italian and believed that the youth of Italy would bring about the unification of Italy.
The main results achieved in the first stage were two. The problem of lack of awareness of nationalism was ended. A dilemma over the number of ideologies was settled in favour of constitutional monarchy. Mazzini succeeded in giving a vision of a nation to the Italians but failed to convince them for his plan of a Republic of Italy.
Second Stage Of Unification And Role Of Cavour
The second stage can be identified with the achievements of Cavour. He first made Sardinia strong militarily and economically. Then he earned the friendship of the main powers of Europe by helping them in Cremia war. He discredited Austria in the Paris Conference and brought the problem of the Italian nation before the world with the help of France. He very astutely removed Austria out of Italy. As the main achievement at this stage Central Italy, excluding the Papal states were united into one country under the headship of the king of Sardinia. Modena, Parma, Tuscany, and Romagna were merged with Italy.
The Third Stage of Unification and Role of GaribaldiThe third stage is identified with the patriotism of Garibaldi and union of Naples and Sicily with Central Italy under the leadership of Sardinia. With the help of his Red Shirts army, Garibaldi won Sicily in 1860. By September 1860, he occupied Naples. In the meantime, Victor Emmanuel under the advice of Cavour occupied the Papal States leaving Papal control over Rome untouched. He also occupied Capua and Gaeta, the part of Naples kingdom. On November 7, 1860, Garibaldi handed over the possession of rest of Naples and whole of Sicily to Victor Emmanuel the King of Sardinia as a true patriot for the realizing the dream of unification of Italy.
Attention Readers:
The present question and related questions are now available in Free Google Book at the following links:https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=0YzZDwAAQBAJ
https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=gBTbDwAAQBAJ
First Stage and the Contribution of Mazzini:
Mazzini led the armed aggression against the Austrian occupation of Italian states. He failed to achieve any result. Mazzini tried to raise the awareness about revolution and the need for a united Italy among the Italians through their writing. They tried to convince the Italians that they were a nation and the country was not a geographical expression. Mazzini made every possible effort to raise the feelings of nationalism among the Italians through his organization Young Italy. He had great faith in the energy of the youth of Italian and believed that the youth of Italy would bring about the unification of Italy.
The main results achieved in the first stage were two. The problem of lack of awareness of nationalism was ended. A dilemma over the number of ideologies was settled in favour of constitutional monarchy. Mazzini succeeded in giving a vision of a nation to the Italians but failed to convince them for his plan of a Republic of Italy.
Second Stage Of Unification And Role Of Cavour
The second stage can be identified with the achievements of Cavour. He first made Sardinia strong militarily and economically. Then he earned the friendship of the main powers of Europe by helping them in Cremia war. He discredited Austria in the Paris Conference and brought the problem of the Italian nation before the world with the help of France. He very astutely removed Austria out of Italy. As the main achievement at this stage Central Italy, excluding the Papal states were united into one country under the headship of the king of Sardinia. Modena, Parma, Tuscany, and Romagna were merged with Italy.
The Third Stage of Unification and Role of GaribaldiThe third stage is identified with the patriotism of Garibaldi and union of Naples and Sicily with Central Italy under the leadership of Sardinia. With the help of his Red Shirts army, Garibaldi won Sicily in 1860. By September 1860, he occupied Naples. In the meantime, Victor Emmanuel under the advice of Cavour occupied the Papal States leaving Papal control over Rome untouched. He also occupied Capua and Gaeta, the part of Naples kingdom. On November 7, 1860, Garibaldi handed over the possession of rest of Naples and whole of Sicily to Victor Emmanuel the King of Sardinia as a true patriot for the realizing the dream of unification of Italy.
Fourth Stage Of Unification and Role of Victor Emmanuel
Prussia became the cause of unification of Italy with the remaining of her areas that had left out. A war began between Austria and Prussia in 1866. In the war, Victor Emmanuel II participated with Prussia. Italy was defeated in this war but Prussia defeated Austria. The treaty of Prague was signed between Prussia and Austria in 1866. According to the terms of the treaty, defeated Austria transferred Venetia to Italy.
Prussia became the cause of unification of Italy with the remaining of her areas that had left out. A war began between Austria and Prussia in 1866. In the war, Victor Emmanuel II participated with Prussia. Italy was defeated in this war but Prussia defeated Austria. The treaty of Prague was signed between Prussia and Austria in 1866. According to the terms of the treaty, defeated Austria transferred Venetia to Italy.
Fifth Stage: Annexation of Rome
The French army was protecting the territories of Rome. Italy did not find it conducive to pick a fight with France. However, Italy was quite fortunate to get a chance. In 1870, a war began between France and Prussia, which is famous as the Franco-Prussian war. Napoleon III was compelled by circumstances to call back the French army from Rome in order to face Prussian assault. Victor Emmanuel exploited the opportunity and attacked Rome. He soon occupied Rome. After a plebiscite, it was merged with the rest of Italy. Rome was made the capital of Italy in place of Turin. Pope was permitted to retain his area in Rome. Thus the unification of Italy was realized by the contribution of Mazzini, Cavour, Garibaldi and Victor Emmanuel.
CATALOGUE OF BOOKS BY SUMIR SHARMA on Amazon
CATALOGUE OF BOOKS BY SUMIR SHARMA ON GOOGLE BOOKS
The French army was protecting the territories of Rome. Italy did not find it conducive to pick a fight with France. However, Italy was quite fortunate to get a chance. In 1870, a war began between France and Prussia, which is famous as the Franco-Prussian war. Napoleon III was compelled by circumstances to call back the French army from Rome in order to face Prussian assault. Victor Emmanuel exploited the opportunity and attacked Rome. He soon occupied Rome. After a plebiscite, it was merged with the rest of Italy. Rome was made the capital of Italy in place of Turin. Pope was permitted to retain his area in Rome. Thus the unification of Italy was realized by the contribution of Mazzini, Cavour, Garibaldi and Victor Emmanuel.
CATALOGUE OF BOOKS BY SUMIR SHARMA on Amazon
CATALOGUE OF BOOKS BY SUMIR SHARMA ON GOOGLE BOOKS
useful
ReplyDelete